# Fluoroscopy and Fluoroscopic Imaging

<mark style="color:$danger;">**This Editorial Guide is used for Education Purposes Only. It is used in the Authoring Courses and Certifications. It is based on the January 2026 Editorial Guide.**</mark>

## Simple fluoroscopy

*Simple* fluoroscopy is *real time* imaging (usually on TV monitors/image intensifiers) of a body part or system. Only rarely is it an imaging process alone (without some interventional procedure). Fluoroscopy is most often used to guide or direct a primary procedure/purpose. The usual convention in clinical practice is to ignore the fluoroscopic element and refer to a procedure entirely by the primary component, e.g., angiography. However, this is unacceptable in SNOMED CT, where the imaging component must be explicitly described.

* FSN: Fluoroscopy of X (procedure)
* PT: Fluoroscopy of X
* SYN: Fluoroscopy - X
  * For example,
    * 169005008 | Fluoroscopy of esophagus (procedure)
      * FSN: Fluoroscopy of esophagus (procedure)
      * PT: Fluoroscopy of esophagus
      * SYN: Fluoroscopy - esophagus

## Fluoroscopic guidance

*Fluoroscopic X* is not necessarily interpreted as *X* *using fluoroscopic guidance (procedure)*. When modeling a procedure using fluoroscopic guidance, the use of *fluoroscopic x* in the FSN is not sufficient; the FSN must explicitly state *using fluoroscopic* *guidance* if that is the intent.

The following naming pattern can be used for direct observation:

* FSN: X using fluoroscopic guidance (procedure)
* PT: Fluoroscopy guided X
* SYN: X using fluoroscopic guidance
  * For example,
    * 710293001 | Colonoscopy using fluoroscopic guidance (procedure)
      * FSN: Colonoscopy using fluoroscopic guidance (procedure)
      * PT: Fluoroscopy guided colonoscopy
      * SYN: Colonoscopy using fluoroscopic guidance
  * For example,
    * Angioplasty using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast (procedure)
      * FSN: Angioplasty using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast (procedure)
      * PT: Fluoroscopy guided angioplasty with contrast
      * SYN: Angioplasty using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast
      * SYN: Fluoroscopic angioplasty with contrast

Such procedures are subtypes of Fluoroscopy (procedure). See also [Imaging-guided procedure modeling](https://docs.snomed.org/education/snomed-ct-education-editorial-guide/readme/authoring/domain-specific-modeling/procedure/index-2/imaging-guided-procedure-modeling).

## Fluoroscopic angiography with contrast

*Angiography* and *angiogram* , as terms on their own, refer to visualization of a blood vessel or vascular structure not specified as an artery or a vein and could refer to either or both. So for clarity, a blood vessel site (X) and the phrase *with* *contrast* must be included in the concept description.

{% hint style="success" %}
**With contrast**

Fluoroscopic angiography always uses contrast. *With contrast* must be explicitly stated in all descriptions.
{% endhint %}

### Fluoroscopic angiography when vessel is not stated

* FSN: Fluoroscopic angiography of X with contrast (procedure)
* PT: Fluoroscopic angiography of X with contrast
* SYN: Fluoroscopic angiogram of X with contrast

### Fluoroscopic angiography of artery

* FSN: Fluoroscopic angiography of X artery with contrast (procedure)
* PT: Fluoroscopic angiography of X artery with contrast
* SYN: Fluoroscopic arteriography of X with contrast
* SYN: Fluoroscopic arteriogram of X with contrast
  * For example,
    * FSN: Fluoroscopic angiography of right cervical vertebral artery with contrast (procedure)
    * PT: Fluoroscopic angiography of right cervical vertebral artery with contrast
    * SYN: Fluoroscopic arteriography of right cervical vertebral artery with contrast
    * SYN: Fluoroscopic arteriogram of right cervical vertebral artery with contrast

### Fluoroscopic venography

* FSN: Fluoroscopic venography of X with contrast (procedure)
* PT: Fluoroscopic venography of X with contrast
* SYN: Fluoroscopic venogram of X with contrast
  * For example,
    * FSN: Fluoroscopic venography of right upper limb with contrast (procedure)
    * PT: Fluoroscopic venography of right upper limb with contrast
    * SYN: Fluoroscopic venogram of right upper limb with contrast

## Fluoroscopic arthrography

* FSN: Fluoroscopic arthrography of X (procedure)
* PT: Fluoroscopic arthrography of X
* SYN: Fluoroscopic arthrogram of X
  * For example,
    * 723775001 | Fluoroscopic arthrography of right sacroiliac joint (procedure)|
      * FSN: Fluoroscopic arthrography of right sacroiliac joint (procedure)
      * PT: Fluoroscopic arthrography of right sacroiliac joint
      * SYN: Fluoroscopic arthrogram of right sacroiliac joint

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